Flowers & Decorative Plants Most of these perennials (and a few biennials) are perfectly hardy in Saskatchewan, grow best in full sun, and are easy to start from seed. A few are tender perennials but can be grown as annuals in Saskatchewan if they are started as bedding plants. I am offering an increasing number of Saskatchewan wild flowers, all of which benefit from cold stratification to germinate the seed.

PERENNIAL FLOWERS

Perennial Flowers and Grasses - $3.00 per packet

ACER
AMUR MAPLE (A. ginnala) is a very hardy small tree (to about 20') native to Asia. The bark is silvery, the leaves are a bit small for a maple, flowers are very small but fragrant. The winged fruits turn red in the summer, and the leaves are a beautiful red in the fall. Sprout seeds in damp peatmoss in fridge or seed outdoors in fall.

ACHILLEA
FERN-LEAF YARROW (A. filipendulina) at 3'-4', is the tallest of the yarrows. The flattopped golden-yellow flower heads are very large and dry easily.
YARROW or MILLFOIL (A. millefolium). I harvested seed from a good cross section of the plants I have been growing here. I am offering a PINK selection and a MIX with flowers from white to a variety of pastel colours.
SIBERIAN YARROW (A. sibirica var. camtschatica) LOVE PARADE is a named variety with large (for a yarrow) soft pink flowers in flat-topped heads blooming all summer and fall, and leaves not as divided as those of A. millefolium.
WOOLY YARROW (A. tomentosa aurea) forms a mat of wooly leaves. Flower stalks under 1' bear flat-topped heads of bright yellow flowers.

AGASTACHE
GIANT HYSSOP (A. foeniculum) has tall spikes of lavender flowers on plants to 3'. Dried leaves and flowers make a nice tea. Grows in open woodlands in Saskatchewan. Cold stratify.
WHITE GIANT HYSSOP (A. foeniculum alba) is a white flowered variant of giant hyssop.

ALCEA
ANTWERP (FIG-LEAF) HOLLYHOCK (A. ficifolia) has large single yellow, pink, red, copper and white flowers in spikes to 5' tall. The plants with large lobed leaves are more vigorous than the common hollyhock (A. rosea). Introduced from Siberia around 1600.
HOLLYHOCK (A. rosea) is a tall biennial or perennial that likes growing against a wall where it can have some support. I am offering a deep red selection, which might have a few other colours with it.
BLACK HOLLYHOCK (A. rosea var. nigra) has single, deep maroon flowers shading to a glossy purple-black.

ALLIUM
ALTAI ONION (A. altaicum) is thought to be the wild ancestor of perennial bunching onions (A. fistulosum). Forms handsome clumps larger than the cultivated species, with large yellowish-white spherical flower heads.
MOUSE GARLIC (A. angulosum) is harvested and consumed in the spring in its native Russia. The flat leaves are bent at the middle rib (hence angulosum). Round mauve flower heads blooming mid-season.
AZURE ONION (A. caeruleum) is a tall early onion with deep sky blue globular flower umbels. A native of Siberia that came into decorative use around 1830.
NODDING ONION (A. cernuum) is native to the foothills and Rockies and is an early summer bloomer. The flowers are from white to pink to lavender and are borne in clusters atop the stalks which are bent over so that the flowers nod toward the ground. Grows in the prairies of southern Saskatchewan.
ALLIUM CYATHOPHORUM v. FARRERI is an attractive little plant with flat, narrow leaves to about 8" high. Flowers are a deep reddish purple and bell-shaped in a one-sided pendulous umbels.
SMALL YELLOW ONION (A. flavum) has glaucous foliage and loose open umbels of dangling, bell-shaped, straw-yellow flowers. Germinates in 2-3 months at cool temperatures.
ALLIUM HYMENORRHIZUM. An Asian native bearing tight round balls of purplish-pink flowers over a long period in summer.
ALLIUM OBLIQUUM is a tall species (2'-3') from northwest Asia looking somewhat like leeks, with tight spherical yellowish-white flower heads.
ALLIUM RAMOSUM is native to central Asia and quite similar to Garlic Chives except that the white flowers appear earlier.
ALLIUM SCORODOPRASUM ssp. JAJLAE has numerous rosy-violet flowers in round umbels and flat grass-like leaves.
GARLIC CHIVES (A. tuberosum) has showy white, globe shaped flower heads in late summer. The flat leaves are mildly garlic flavoured and can be used like regular chives. Some winter kill here.
GIANT CHIVES may be a selection from chives (A. schoenoprasum) or a separate species but it has large showy spherical purple flowerheads and you can use it like chives.

AMSONIA
WILLOW BLUE STAR (A. tabernaemontana) is a long-lived perennial which may take 2 or 3 years before it first flowers. The plants are 1'-2' tall, neat and upright, with narrow willow-like leaves. The pale blue flowers are star-shaped and come in clusters. Very drought and cold tolerant.

ANGELICA
ANGELICA (A. archangelica) can get 6 feet tall with large leaves and huge umbels of greenish-white flowers. Likes moist soil and is happy in partial shade.

ANTHYLLIS
LADY'S FINGERS (A. vulnerararia) is a Eurasian legume with yellow-orange flowers in dense heads on a low sprawling plant with silky pinnate foliage. Good in dry sunny places. Nicking seed aids in germination.

AQUILEGIA
Columbines hybridize easily so the seed of A. caerulea and A. flavescens is not pure. Germination is improved by cold stratification or treatment with gibberellic acid (available from Gardens North). Columbines like partial shade.
COLORADO COLUMBINE (A. caerulea) is a 2' plant with blue and white long spurred flowers.
YELLOW COLUMBINE (A. flavescens) is my tallest columbine with light yellow flowers. Native to the Canadian Rockies.
WOODSIDE (A. vulgaris) is a pink-flowered aquilegia with variegated green and yellow leaves. Select seedlings for variegation.
COLUMBINE MIX contains singles and doubles in blues, white, pink, yellow, etc. including bicolours.

ARNICA
MOUNTAIN TOBACCO (A. montana) has large golden daisies in summer on 1'-2' stalks growing out of a rosette of 8" downy leaves. This plant from the Alps is traditionally used to treat sprains and bruises.

ASCLEPIAS
SHOWY MILKWEED (A. speciosa) is a stout plant 2'-3' tall with broad oval grey-green leaves. The flowers are pinkish purple in dense, almost globular, umbels, followed by white wolly pods that split to release the large seeds, each with its own parachute. Found in moist places throughout the prairies and parklands. Fall seed outdoors.
BUTTERFLY WEED (A. tuberosa) has brilliant orange flowers on 1'-2' downy stems in mid-summer. Cold stratify or seed outside in fall.

ASTER
ALPINE ASTER (A. alpinus) has large purple flowerswith yellowcentres, andmostly basal spoonshaped leaves on a plant to 1'. WHITE BEAUTY is a selection with white flowers. SMOOTH ASTER (A. laevis) has many violet-blue flowers with yellow centres over a long season. Plants form clumps 1'-2' tall. Very widespread on the northern edge of the prairies. Self-seeds easily in the garden. Cold stratify seed.

ATROPA
CAUCASUS BELLADONNA (A. caucasica) is a handsome upright plant 2'--3' tall and almost as wide. The bell-shaped flowers are purple-brown followed by shiny black round fruits. Medicinal and poisonous. Seeds germinate over a long period, aided by cold stratification.

BAPTISIA
WILD INDIGO (B. australis) is an erect 4' plant with tall spikes of indigo blue lupin flowers followed by large black pods. Sow in fall or early spring outdoors or scarify seed and plant indoors.

BUPHTHALMUM (TELEKIA)
HEARTLEAF OXEYE (B. speciosum) has large yellow daisy flowers on 3'-- 4' stalks in summer. Has large heart-shaped downy basal leaves.

CALYOPHUS
LAVENDER-LEAF PRIMROSE (C. hartwegii) is a low, sprawling North American native. The 1" bright yellow flowers identify it as a member of the evening primrose family.

CAMPANULA
CAMPANULA CARNEA is probably not its name, but this is how it came to me. It is a slender little plant (under 1' tall) which produces blue bell-shaped flowers, the first year from seed.
CARPATHIAN BELLFLOWER (C. carpatica) Forms small clumps about 1' tall that bear china blue, or sometimes white, bell shaped flowers over a very long period. Seedlings and young plants are small and slow growing but may bloom the first year.
CLUSTERED BELLFLOWER (C. glomerata) has large deep violet flowers arranged in globe-shaped clusters around the stem. An upright clump forming plant.
WHITE CLUSTERED BELLFLOWER (C. glomerata alba) is the white-flowered version.
CAMPANULA MAKASCHVILII is a recent introduction from the Causacus. Out of a mound of heart-shaped grey-green foliage rise leafy flower stalks to 1' bearing white nodding bells.
CANTERBURY BELLS (C. medium) – A 2'--3' tall biennial that blooms in shades of purple, pink, and white with some doubles. May re-bloom if it is cut back.
PEACH LEAVED BELLFLOWER (C. persicifolia) The 2'--3' plants bear 2" nodding blue or white flowers (with perhaps some doubles) throughout the summer.
CAMPANULA PUNCTATA – A vigorous 1'--2' bellflower with large tubular bells of creamywhite tinted pink and spotted inside with purple and red, often with bronze red stems. Makes a nice ground cover.
HAREBELL (C. rotundifolia) is a graceful plant (to 1') with wiry stems bearing open blue bells throughout the summer until the first frost. Native to the northern hemisphere, including the prairies and parklands of western Canada.
WHITE GEM (C. rotundifolia) is a selection of the wild harebell with pure white flowers.
ALASKA HAREBELL (C. rotundifolia var. alaskana) is quite a bit larger than the species.
SIBERIAN BELLFLOWER (C. siberica) is a 1'-1 1/2' tall plant crowned with many blue bells in late spring and early summer.

CENTAUREA
I have a lot of Centaurea species. I have not been able to identify them all and surely some of them are misnamed.
CENTAUREA ALPESTRIS – A mounding plant to 11/2' with dark green foliage and bright purple thistle flowers most of the summer.
CENTAUREA DEALBATA has leaves silvery-hairy beneath and pinkish-purple thistle flowers all summer. Slightly sprawling plants are about 2' tall.
GLOBE CORNFLOWER (C. macrocephala) – Forms 2'_4' clumps topped with spherical papery buds which open into 4" yellow thistles which dry well.
MOUNTAIN BLUET (C. montana) is a clump forming 2' plant with deep blue spidery flowers blooming in June and somewhat less throughout the summer.
SHEEP KNAPWEED (C. ovina) is a large statured plant, 2'-3' tall and 2' wide with divided grey-green leaves and many thistle-like pink flowers blooming until frost.
CENTAUREA RUPESTRIS has finely divided greyish foliage topped with pure yellow flowers.
CENTAUREA SCABIOSA is a fairly tall native of the Caucasus with large purple flowerheads and a branching habit. The dried receptacle is quite attractive, silver above with a dark thatched pattern below.
CENTAUREA SPECIES MIX are all robust plants 1'-2' tall with mauve to purple thistle flowers.

CEPHALARIA
CEPHALARIA CORNICULATA has large scabiosa-like pale-yellow flowers on stiffstemmed plants around 3' tall.

CHRYSOPSIS
HAIRY GOLDEN-ASTER (C. villosa) is a much branched species, 6"-24" tall, with many narrow greyish-green leaves. Flowers are bright yellow daisies, about 1" across. Common in dry sandy areas throughout the prairies.

CHRYSANTHEMUM
PAINTED DAISY (C. coccineum) is a 2' plant with finely cut foliage and unbranched stems supporting red to pink daisies. Also a source of pyrethrum.

CLEMATIS
BORDER CLEMATIS (C. integrifolia) is a herbaceous variety that can serve as a ground cover or can climb through a shrub. Blue flowers are nodding and urn-shaped. Mix seed with moist vermiculite and place in a plastic bag at room temperature. Seed will germinate irregularly over a number of months.
WESTERN WHITE CLEMATIS (C. ligusticifolia) is a tall climber (to 20') with 1/2" white flowers in clusters, followed by feathery seed-heads. Found in coulees and ravines on the southern prairies.
GOLDEN CLEMATIS (C. tangutica) – Bright lemon yellow lantern shaped nodding flowers, followed by fluffy silvery seed heads. A vigorous woody climber.
CLEMATIS TUBULOSA is a herbaceous species to about 3'. The fragrant purple-blue flowers are at their best in late summer.
PURPLE CLEMATIS (C. verticillaris) gives a good show of nodding indigo flowers if it is pruned after flowering. It will climb to 10' or can be used as a ground cover. Grows in shady woodlands in the Cypress Hills. Cold stratify.

COREOPSIS
COREOPSIS ‘EARLY SUNRISE' (C. grandiflora) is a compact plant producing large numbers of bright yellow, fully double 2" flowers. May bloom the first year from seed and continues all summer and fall.
COREOPSIS ‘STERNTALER' (C. lanceolata) is a short cultivar blooming summer to fall with yellow daisy flowers with a red brown circle in the center.

DELPHINIUM
MUSK LARKSPUR (D. Brunonianum) – Light blue-grey inch wide flowers on an 18" plant with divided musk-scented foliage.
CHINESE LARKSPUR (D. chinensis) – Large ultramarine blue flowers in loose sprays. 11/2'-2' perennial that is not very long lived but self seeds easily.
DELPHINIUM MIX (D. elatum) is seed I gathered from an old bed of delphiniums where the plants ranged in height from 3' to 6' and most of the flowers were in shades of blue.

DIANTHUS
AMUR PINK (D. amurensis) forms dense mounds to 1' covered with large (for a Dianthus) reddish violet flowers from July to frost.
SWEET WILLIAM (D. barbatus) has been grown in gardens for hundreds of years. The flat topped flower heads are closely packed with single flowers mostly in shades of pink and red with some bicoloured. Biennial or short lived perennial. SOOTY has deeply maroon flowers and purplish foliage.
CLUSTERHEAD PINK (D. carthusianorum) – Heads of magenta flowers clustered on the ends of tall (2'-3') wind resistant stems.
MAIDEN PINK (D. deltoides) is a rock garden or ground cover perennial. The plants are up to 1' tall and are covered with white, pink, or red flowers. VAMPIRE has deep red flowers and dark leaves with a purplish cast to them.
DIANTHUS KNAPPII – Sulfur yellow flowers in clusters on 1'-11/2' stems above grey green foliage.
COTTAGE PINK (D. plumaris) is the parent of many named varieties of pinks. The 12"-18" plants have glaucous blue foliage and fairly large scented white to pink flowers.
DIANTHUS ROCK MIX is a selection of small species (up to 8") suitable for the rock garden.

DICTAMNUS
GAS PLANT (Dictamnus albus) is a 2'-3' plant that is extremely long-lived but slow to establish itself. It has dark green glossy leaves, and white star-shaped flowers and is strongly scented. The simplest growing method is to seed outdoors in the fall. Otherwise you can cold stratify in damp peatmoss. As the seeds germinate place them in damp peatmoss at room temperature for one month before potting up seedlings. Seed germinates over many months.

DRABA – WITLOW GRASS
DRABA RIGIDA forms tight green rosettes from which rise yellow flowers on short stems (to about 3") in very early spring

DRACOCEPHALUM
DRAGONHEAD (Dracocephalum sp.) is a mint family member with spikes of lovely blue flowers on a rather short plant. Blooms early summer. Short-lived but self-seeds. DRAGONHEAD (D. ruyschianum) is a native of Europe. Blue flowers cover a mound of fine linear foliage to about 2' in summer.

ECHINACEA
NARROW-LEAVED PURPLE CONEFLOWER (E. angustifolia) has elegant light-purple flowers with narrow drooping petals and raised centres on sturdy upright plants. Contains an immune system stimulant. Roots are generally harvested after three years. Native to the southern edge of the Canadian prairies. Cold stratify seed.
PURPLE CONEFLOWER (E. purpurea) has large (to 4") purple flowers with drooping petals and a darker raised centre. They bloom in late summer and fall on sturdy 2'--5' plants. The root is much in demand as an immune system stimulant.

ECHINOPS
GLOBE THISTLE ‘ARCTIC GLOW' (E. sphaerocephalus) is a tall plant with maroon-red stems, silvery green foliage, and round silver-grey flower-heads which dry well.

ECHIUM
ECHIUM RUSSICUM is a borage relative which forms a rosette of large coarsely hairy leaves from which emerge (in the second year) stout spikes of red flowers a foot or so long. Biennial or perhaps perennial.

ERIGERON
OREGON FLEABANE (E. speciosus) is a summer bloomer about 2' tall with large (1 1/2") mauve or pink flowers with yellow centres. This PINK FLEABANE DAISY blooms mid-summer with the short stocks rising out of neat rosettes of entire leaves.

ERYNGIUM
FLAT SEA HOLLY (E. planum) BLAUKNAPPE is a 2' plant with branching wiry stems, toothed leaves, and rounded steel-blue flower heads with narrow spiny bracts, of a deeper blue than the species. Good dried flower.

EUPATORIUM
JOE PYE WEED (E. maculatum) is native to eastern North America. Forms a large 4'-- 6' upright clump topped by large domed pink/purple flower heads followed by fluffy seed heads. A water-loving plant. Cold stratify seed.

GAILLARDIA
BLANKET FLOWER (G. aristata) – This clump forming plant with its large yellow daisies with orange-red highlights is one of our showiest native species. Grows on dry prairies.

GYPSOPHILIA
BABY'S BREATH (G. paniculata) can become a weed as it is long lived, very hardy, and self seeds. But it makes a beautiful display of small white flowers which dry very well.

HEDYSARUM
AMERICAN HEDYSARUM (H. americanum) is about 2' high with pinnate leaves, and pinkish pea flowers on a long raceme. Common in semi-open prairie and open woods.

HELENIUM
HELENIUM HOOPESII is a 2' plant with large yellow daisy flowers in early summer.

HELIOPSIS
FALSE SUNFLOWER (H. helianthoides) has bright golden yellow flowers on long strong stems from July to September.

HESPERIS
SWEET or DAME'S ROCKET (H. matronalis) is a short lived perennial or self_seeding biennial. Leaves form a grey_green carpet out of which rises a 12"_18" stalk covered with small scented mauve flowers. Blooms in the early spring and well into the summer.

HIERACIUM
ORANGE HAWKWEED (H. aurantiacum) forms a rosette of downy leaves out of which appear flowering stems (under 1') of brilliant orange-red flowers from spring to fall.
SPOTTED HAWKWEED (H. maculatum) has bright yellow flowers and leaves with brickred markings. A bit taller and with larger flowers than the preceding species.
MOUSE-EAR HAWKWEED (H. pilosella) is a stoloniferous perennial to 1' with felty grey foliage which makes a nice groundcover. Lemon-yellow 1" flowers, striped purple on the back, all summer.

HYMENOXIS
STEMLESS RUBBERWEED or BUTTE MARIGOLD (H. acaulis) is a low grayish plant with all the narrow leaves in a basal rosette. The yellow flowers, borne singly on leafless stems, are about 1" across. Grows in limited numbers on the southern edge of the Canadian prairies.

HYPERICUM
HYPERICUM ASCYRON is an erect St. John's Wort about 2' tall with quite large (2") open single yellow flowers. ST. JOHN'S WORT (H. perforatum) – A compact 1' _11/2' plant producing large numbers of single bright yellow flowers over a long season. Used medicinally for nervous disorders and healing painful joints and muscles. Does not always overwinter here. HYPERICUM RICHERI is a more compact, more decorative plant than H. perforatum. WOOLY ST. JOHN'S WORT (H. tomentosum) is a clump forming species to 3', with grey hairy foliage and yellow flowers in summer.

HYSSOPUS
HYSSOP (H. officinalis) has many spikes of dark blue flowers and is very attractive to bees. Antiviral and respiratory system medicinal plant. HYSSOPUS SERAVSHANICUM appears to be the same as the above but you will get some plants with white flowers as well as the usual blue ones.

ILLIAMNI
MOUNTAIN HOLLYHOCK (I. rivularis), a BC native forms a bush about 4' tall. The large pink saucer-shaped flowers are in racemes and bloom all summer and fall.

IRIS
WESTERN BLUE FLAG (I. missouriensis) has bright lilac-blue flowers with darker veins on slender stems to 2' and grass-like leaves. Likes a moist place to grow. Seed germinates over several months at cool temperatures. Light helps. YELLOW FLAG (I. pseudacorus) makes 2' tall clumps of swordlike leaves with pale yellow flowers. In the wild it grows near the water and will be twice as tall as in our dry garden. The seed needs light to germinate and should give about 50% germination in 2--12 weeks at room temperature. It self-seeds here so you could try fall seeding. SIBERIAN IRIS (I. siberica) forms attractive clumps of grass-like foliage with flowers often in shades of blue. Will not bloom unless it has adequate spring moisture. Needs light to germinate. Keep flat warm several months, then try oscillating temperatures.

IXIOLIRION
IXIOLIRION is a bulb producing a tuft of narrow grass-like leaves, with lavender-blue flowers produced in clusters on slender 1' stems in June. May germinate in 1-2 months cold, then warm for further germination.

KNAUTIA
KNAUTIA MACEDONICA is a close relative of Scabiosa, with maroon scabious-like flower heads on a much branched 2' plant.

LAVANDULA
LAVENDER (L.officinalis) has grey-green plants with lavender flowers and a delightful fragrance. My sister has been growing lavender for a number of years and, in 2008, they produced a good crop of seed. Cold stratify and likes cool temperatures for germination.

LAVATERA
TREE LAVATERA or TREE MALLOW (L. thuringiaca) is a native of Europe, with a woody base and soft hairy sage green foliage. Soft pink mallow flowers in a branching spike on plants to 5'.

LIGULARIA
SIBERIAN LEOPARD PLANT (L. sibirica) is a tall (4'--5') bold plant that likes some shade and moist soil. Makes a mound of large leaves with racemes of yellow daisy flowers in summer.

LINUM
GOLDEN FLAX (L. flavum) is a clump forming plant to about 1' with large leaves for a flax and 1" clear yellow flowers. PERENNIAL BLUE FLAX (L. perenne) forms large clumps with many stalks covered with bright blue flowers. The flowers open early in the morning and have usually shed their petals by mid afternoon, and repeat this pattern all summer.

LOTUS
BIRD'S FOOT TREFOIL (L. corniculatus) is a perennial whose branches lie flat on the ground and cover an area 2'_3' in diameter. The plants are covered with small yellow pea flowers throughout the summer. The tough low growing plants might make a good ground cover.

LUPINUS
LUPIN MIX (L. polyphyllus) grows 2'--3' tall with long spikes of showy pea flowers in a wide range of colours which might include reds, yellows, blues and white.

LYCHNIS
ALPINE CAMPION (L. alpina) has pink to rosy-purple flowers in clusters very early in the spring. Tufted hardy perennial to 1' with narrow leaves.
MALTESE CROSS (L. chalcedonica) is an old-fashioned garden perennial growing 2'-- 3' high and having dense showy heads of scarlet flowers.
ROSE CAMPION (L. coronaria) is a self-seeding biennial. It grows 24"--30" high and has light grey woolly leaves and bright pink flowers.
SIBERIAN CATCHFLY (L. siberica) forms a neat mound of narrow leaves out of which rise 8" flowering stalks topped with pink flowers. LYCHNIS x ARKWRIGHTII is a short catchfly with dark green shaded purple foliage and orange-scarlet flowers with notched petals.

LYCIUM
CHINESE WOLFBERRY or KEDO (L. chinense) is a small shrub related to tomatoes, that has been quite hardy here for a number of years. The slender branches have small mauve tubular flowers along their length all summer. The orange-red teardrop shaped fruits (sweet and edible) are more showy than the flowers, hanging from the branches from August to freeze-up. Apparently the leaves are used as greens or to make tea.

MALVA
CHINESE MALLOW (M. chinensis) grows 2'--3' tall and is almost as wide. Many pink flowers with purple veins grow along the stems summer to fall MUSK MALLOW (M. moschata) has deeply cut foliage and 2" rose pink single flowers on plants to about 2'. Cold stratification may help germination.

MALVASTRUM
SCARLET MALLOW (M. coccineum) is native to the dry prairies but is especially noticeable in disturbed areas where it can form large patches. Low growing (under 1") with divided grey leaves and scarlet to brick-red open single flowers. Cold stratify seed.

MONARDA
BERGAMOT or BEE BALM (M. didyma) is a highly scented mint-family member. The red flowers are in clumps at the end of the stems and in whorls along the stems. The leaves are used to flavour tea. -37-

NEPETA
CATNIP (N. cataria) is mildly mint flavoured and very attractive to cats. The masses of small white flowers, on 2'--3' plants, make it a good bee plant.
CATMINT (N. x fassenii) has grey leaves that are highly scented and blue flowers in loose racemes. It grows about a foot high and makes a nice groundcover.
BLUE INFINITY (N. transcaucasica) has tall spikes of violet-blue flowers over a long period on 3' plants.

OENOTHERA
The evening primroses are native to the Americas. They like full sun and dry growing conditions. They are quite variable but many of them are sprawling or low growing. They are covered with open single flowers most of the summer, usually bright yellow and less often pink or white. Many of them are perennials but, as they come from farther south, they are not winter hardy here and must be treated as annuals.
YELLOW EVENING PRIMROSE (O. biennis) forms a rosette of leaves out of which rises a 2'-3' flowering spike covered with showy yellow single flowers. It is a native Saskatchewan biennial which will bloom the first year if it is started in early spring as a bedding plant. A medicinal oil is extracted from the seeds, and the roots can be eaten like parsnips.
GUMBO EVENING PRIMROSE (O. caespitosa) is a stemless plant consisting of a dense 4"-5" rosette of narrow toothed or wavy-margined leaves. The flowers are borne on short stalks from the root crown. They open white scented in the morning and soon fade to pink. They are found on heavy soil throughout the prairies.
MISSOURI EVENING PRIMROSE (O. missouriensis) has enormous showy yellow 3"-- 6" wide flowers from July until frost. Sprawling plant to about 1' that has thrived here through 2 winters. Has huge seed capsules with broad wings.
OENOTHERA ‘SUNSET BOULEVARD' has upright branching plants to about 1 1/2' covered with open orange flowers darkening to almost red.

ONOPORDUM
SCOTCH THISTLE (O. acanthium) is a spectacular plant, with web-like silvery hairs on sturdy branching stems, topped by deep pink-purple thistle flowers. A 3'-6' biennial which will bloom the first year if started early.

OXALIS
OXALIS VALDIVIENSIS is a low growing plant with shamrock-like leaves and pale yellow flowers. This selection is mainly grown for its dark purple leaves.

OXYTROPIS
EARLY YELLOW LOCOWEED (O. sericea v. spicata) is a low-growing species with hairy pinnate basal leaves. The yellow pea flowers are in short spikes on 1' stalks. Grows on dry prairies in southwest Saskatchewan and blooms in May and June. Scarify seed.
SHOWY LOCOWEED (O. splendens) grows to about 1' with grey-green pubescent leaves and dense spikes of blue to purple pea flowers. Found in grasslands and open woods of the boreal forest, parklands and Rocky Mountains.

PAPAVER
ALPINE POPPY (P. alpinum) This selection has a lovely mix of white and pastel colours on plants 1/2' to 1' tall. All the leaves are basal and the slender naked stems each bear a single flower.
PAPAVER LISAE bears single orange flowers on 1' stalks. Leaves are long with rounded teeth and form a basal rosette.
PACINO (P. miyabeanum) is a very short cultivar which has a compact rosette of leaves out of which rise 6" flower stems, each with one yellow flower.
ICELAND POPPY (P. nudicale) is a short-lived perennial that self-seeds. Pale green foliage and large silky flowers, usually in yellow, orange, or white, on the ends of slender 1' long stems.
MATADOR ICELAND POPPY produces large scarlet flowers all summer.
ORIENTAL POPPY (P. orientale) forms a mound of coarse hairy leaves with stems to 2' bearing large red flowers with dark blotches in the centres. Spring/early summer blooming.
SPANISH POPPY (P. rupifragum) has semi-double 1"--2" orange flowers at the end of 2' stems all summer long. Most of the grey-green hairy leaves are in a basal rosette about 8" across. This perennial blooms the first year from seed. Some plants overwinter and there is some self-seeding.
PAPAVER SENDTNERI is similar to Spanish Poppy but the plants are smaller and the pale orange flowers are single.
PAPAVER SUAVEOLENS is similar to Iceland Poppy but all the blooms are in various shades of yellow, from early summer to freeze-up.

PENSTEMON
YELLOW BEARDTONGUE (P. confertus) grows to about 2' with narrow leaves. The yellow flowers are in dense clusters on an interrupted terminal spike. Common in dry areas in southwest Saskatchewan.
YUKON PENSTEMON (P. gormanii) forms low mounds (to about 1') of glabrous green foliage topped by large, showy lavender-purple flowers.
PIGMY PENSTEMON (P. hirsutus pygmaeus) bears violet flowers over a long season on 6" plants.
SMOOTH BLUE BEARDTONGUE (P. nitidus) is a prairie native with grey-green leaves and sky-blue flowers on 1' stems in late spring. Cold stratify.
PENSTEMON STRICTUS is a 1'-2' plant bearing blue-violet flowers in mid-summer.
SLENDER BEARDTONGUE (P. procerus) grows near sloughs and bluffs and in openings in woodlands in the parklands and prairies. The dark blue flowers are borne on 1' stems in early summer. In time the plants will form large colonies. Cold stratify.

PETALOSTEMON
PURPLE PRAIRIE-CLOVER (P. purpureum) forms small clumps around 1' tall with finely divided leaves. The red or purple flowers are in dense cylindric terminal spikes. Common on dry prairie.

PETRORHAGIA (TUNICA)
TUNIC FLOWER (P. saxifraga) is a mound forming plant to about one foot. Has small pale pink flowers with notched petals and grass_like leaves. Like a short pink baby's breath.

PHLOMIS
JERUSALEM SAGE (P. tuberosa) is a tall (4'--6') stiff upright plant. Blooms prolifically all summer with whorls of rosy-purple flowers.

PHYSALIS
CHINESE LANTERN (P. Alkekengi) has brilliant orange inflated 2" calyces surrounding the red berries. These are used in dried arrangements. Close relative to husk tomatoes and tomatillos and apparently also has edible fruits.

PHYSOCHLANIA
PHYSOCHLANIA ORIENTALIS is a low growing tuberous perennial that appears to be hardy here. It shows signs of growth in the second half of April and is in full bloom by May 1. For about two weeks the plants are covered with clusters of 1/2" purple-blue trumpet flowers. This Solanum family member is used medicinally in Asia much like henbane. Germination takes place over several months.

PLATYCODON
BALLOON FLOWER (P. grandiflorus) has balloon-shaped buds opening into large fivelobed bell-shaped blue flowers.

POLEMONIUM
JACOB'S LADDER (P. caeruleum) is an upright plant to about 2' with ferny foliage. I am offering a MIX of sky-blue and pure white or pure BLUE. POLEMONIUM LANATUM is shorter than the previous species and only has sky-blue flowers. POLEMONIUM PULCHERRIMUM forms mounds of foliage (under 1') with cup-shaped blue flowers in clusters in spring and occasionally throughout the summer. This native to the Rocky Mountains self-seeds to a limited extent. YELLOW JACOB'S LADDER (P. pauciflorum) is a mound of ferny foliage about 1' high with long tubular pale yellow flowers. A perennial that might not be hardy here.

PRIMULA
CORTUSA PRIMROSE (P. cortusoides) has a basal rosette of light green wrinkled leaves with pink flowers held above the leaves on 1' stems. It blooms in May and does not like direct sun. COWSLIP (P. veris) is a spring wildflower from England with bright yellow flowers on downy stems under 1' tall. Likes moisture or part shade.

PSORALEA
INDIAN BREADROOT (P. esculenta) is a densely hairy plant generally under 1', growing from a large starchy edible root. This member of the pea family has small blue flowers in a dense spike. Grows throughout the prairies. Cold stratify seed.

RATIBIDA
YELLOW CONEFLOWER (R. columnifera) The flowers have drooping yellow petals and a brown columnar centre. One of our more attractive wildflowers, it is quite happy in a garden and will self-seed. The semi-dried disk flowers are edible but rather chewy. Common on dry prairie throughout south-central and southwestern Saskatchewan.

RHEUM
DECORATIVE RHUBARB (R.palmatum var. atrosanguineum)has large ragged leaves, red-purple especially on the undersides, and tall red flower/seed spikes. Some variability in seed grown plants so select for the darkest colours.

RHODIOLA
ROSEROOT (R. rosea) has grey-green leaves on a low sprawling plant and red flowers. This close relative of Sedum has a rose-scented root which is used medicinally.

SALVIA
LYRE-LEAVED SAGE (S. lyrata) is grown mainly for its rosettes of large deep purple leaves which send up flower stalks (to about 1') of small violet flowers.
SALVIA NEMEROSA ssp TESQUICOLA – A hardy perennial salvia, clump forming, up to 3' tall with long spikes of dark violet-blue flowers. MEADOW SAGE (S. pratensis) has 1'--2' stalks of deep pink flowers coming out of rosettes of wrinkled green leaves.
ROSE QUEEN SALVIA (S. superba) has rose flowers in 9" spikes from June to Sept. on 2' plants.

SAPONARIA
BOUNCING BET (S. officinalis) has large pink flowers in dense clusters from July to September. A 1'- 2' perennial from Asia whose root is used medicinally.

SCABIOSA – PINCUSHION FLOWER
SCABIOSA CAUCASICA has long-stemmed pincushion-like round flower heads of a vivid blue colour all summer long.
SMALL SCABIOUS (S. columbaria) is a British wildflower to about 1' tall with lilac to pink flowers. DWARF BLUE is a selection with blue flowers.
SCABIOSA OCHROLEUCA is an erect plant (to 2 1/2') with greyish foliage bearing many pale yellow pincushion flowers from early summer to freeze-up.

SEDUM – STONECROP
SEDUM MIX – All Sedums are succulent plants good for ground covers or in rock gardens. I grew a sedum mix and gathered a bit of seed. There should be yellow and pink flowered varieties, and some with green, blue-green, or variegated foliage.

SEMPERVIVUM
HEN AND CHICKS (Sempervivum sp.) are succulent hardy evergreen perennials with dense rosettes of fleshy leaves, forming offsets of tiny rosettes, the "chicks." Starry flowers on short leafless stalks in a variety of colours.

SIDALCEA
PRAIRIE MALLOW (S. malviflora) is a clump-forming plant, 2'--4' tall with deeply divided leaves and spikes of rosy-red mallow-type flowers blooming in late summer.

SILENE
SILENE DINARIA forms a rosette of shining, almost leathery, dark green leaves about twice as long as they are wide. The almost leafless flower stalks appear in June with clusters of single 1/2" white flowers.
RED CAMPION (S. dioica) is an English wildflower. The 2'--3' branching flower stalks rise out of rosettes of coarse green leaves. Many pink flowers in spring and much of the summer.
NOTTINGHAM CATCHFLY (S. nutans) bears many white flowers with long, deeply divided petals. Blooms in early summer and many rebloom if cut back or given sufficient water. A bushy plant to about 2'.
SILENE PUSILLA is a low growing plant (under 1'), a mound of strap-like leaves with short flower stalks bearing white 5-petaled flowers with notched petals.
SILENE UNIFLORA is a mound of grey-green leaves producing single white flowers on short stalks in spring and summer.

SISYRINCHIUM
BLUE-EYED GRASS (S. montanum) grows to 1' tall with narrow grass-like leaves and small bright blue flowers in late spring. Grows in meadows and moist places in western Canada.

SOLIDAGO
GOLDEN ROD (S. canadensis) has small yellow flowers, densely packed in a pyramidshaped inflorescence. Blooms August – September on 2' plants. Widespread throughout the prairies.

STACHYS
BETONY (S. officinalis) is a mint relative that makes a low mound of green leaves out of which rise spikes of purple flowers to about 1'. Mistakenly identified as S. affinis. LAMB'S EARS (S. byzantina) is grown mainly for its thick mat of densely white-woolly leaves. The pink or purple flower spikes are small.

STYLOPHORUM
WOOD POPPY (S. diphyllum) has light green foliage and open bright yellow flowers borne over a long season. Likes moist ground in semi-shade but will tolerate full sun.

TROLLIUS
GLOBE FLOWER (T. europaeus) is a native of Europe where it grows in wet places. Deeply cut dark green leaves and egg-yolk yellow almost spherical flowers.

VALERIANA
VALERIAN (V. officinalis) has domed heads of delicate white to pink scented flowers on 3'--4' plants. Likes full sun and moist soil. The highly aromatic roots are used to make a sedative. Valerian is a host for parasitic wasps that are helpful in the garden.

VERBASCUM
NETTLE-LEAVED MULLEIN (V. chaixii) forms a large rosette of grey-green leaves and spikes of yellow or white flowers with purple centres.
DARK MULLEIN (V. nigrum) grows about 3' tall, half of which height is the slim spikes of yellow flowers which bloom all summer.
VERBASCUM PHOENICEUM ‘VIOLETTA' Flower stalks to 3' bear many purple flowers most of the summer. The large leaves are mostly in a basal rosette.

VERONICA
VERONICA GENTIANOIDES has glossy green foliage and bears spkes of light-blue flowers on 1'-2' plants.
SPIKED SPEEDWELL (V. spicata) is an upright plant to 1 ½' with dense racemes of bright blue flowers in summer.
VERONICA SPICATA ssp INCANA is somewhat shorter than the species with silverygrey foliage.

ZIZIA
HEART-LEAVED ALEXANDERS (Z. aptera) is an erect plant 1'--2' high with long-stalked heart-shaped basal leaves and bright yellow flowers in compound umbels. Early spring bloomer. Common in moist places on the prairies.

ZONE 2-3 MIX comes from GARDENS NORTH so I do not know what treasures you will find here. A generous packet of hardy perennial flower seeds.

Perennial Flowers and Grasses $3.00/pkt.

PERENNIAL GRASSES

BIG BLUESTEM (Andropogon gerardii) was the dominant grass of the Tall-grass Prairie, the moister areas of the Great Plains. A 4'--6' clump-forming grass that gets off to a slow start each spring. Has grey-green leaves turning bronze-red in autumn, and airy purplish flowers shaped like a turkey-foot. Grows in themoister eastern part of the Saskatchewan prairies.

SIDE-OATS GRAMA (Bouteloua curtipendula) is a clump-forming grass to about 2' native to the dry prairies. The flower head is a one-sided arrangement of spikelets along the stem.

GIANT WILD RYE (Elymus cinereus) is a tall coarse clump-forming grass to 6' tall with flower spikes to 12" long. Grows occasionally in southern Saskatchewan.

BLUE FESCUE (Festuca ovina v. glauca) forms spiky silver-blue mounds of foliage.

SWEET GRASS (Hierachloe odorata) is a vigorous 1'--2' plant growing rapidly in spring with broad light-green leaves and golden panicles. Burnt like incense by native peoples. Spreads far too agressively for general garden use. Common in the Parklands. Rub the tiny seed out of the husk for better germination.

SWITCH GRASS (Panicum virgatum) is another 4'--8' Tall-grass Prairie variety. It has grey-blue leaves and feathery masses of green to pink flowers, and colours up beautifully in the fall. Remains showy throughout the winter. Grows in the moister eastern part of the Saskatchewan prairies.

LITTLE BLUESTEM (Schizachyrium scoparium) is a 1'--3' late season clumping grass. Foliage changes colour from grey-green to purple to rich red in the fall. Erect growing and topped by wispy inflorescences. Cold stratify for 3 months. Widespread on the prairies or in marsh areas in Saskatchewan.

FEATHER GRASS (Stipa capillata) has stiff, erect, grey-green narrow leaves in a dense clump. The narrow panicles with long twisting awns rise 1'--2' above the leaves, blooming in late summer.

PORCUPINE GRASS (Stipa spartea) is a clump forming grass to over one meter growing from southern Saskatchewan south across the US great plains. The long awns give an airy appearance to the seed heads.

Perennial flowers and grasses: $ 3.00 per packet